下面是小编为大家整理的考研英语写作语法结构(2023年),供大家参考。
考研英语写作的语法结构1
一、背诵单词与阅读相结合
孤立地按照单词表背单词的优点在于记忆速度很快,而缺点在于记忆不牢固,常常出现"背了后面忘前面"的情况。如果能够结合实际语境进行理解、记忆则可以更加有效地记忆词汇。因为单词只有放在语境下,放在阅读中,它才是活的,记忆的速度也会大为提高,不仅如此,通过读文章记忆单词的过程中还可以进一步熟悉各种英语语法现象、短语,培养良好的语感等。通过语境背单词,可以高效地掌握其固定搭配等,从而增加形近词辨析、近义词辨析、熟词辨析、单词喻义、引申义等的`理解能力。
二、背诵单词与写作相结合
写作是练笔的最好机会,也是词汇从大脑中倾泻到笔端的最好方法。考生在记忆词汇时,要定期练习作文话题及句型的写作表达,以便把那段时间学会的单词,短语等运用到作文的训练中。这样词汇的记忆会更牢固,掌握起来更容易,同时也提高了写作的语言表达基本功。
三、背诵单词与循环复习相结合
记忆英语词汇,复习、背诵是必要步骤。复习是为了查漏补缺,是为了更好地巩固以前所学过的知识,考研英语中有5500左右词汇需要掌握,除了按部就班地每日背诵外,还需要及时回过头巩固复习,而循环记忆的规律可按照艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线图的规律进行:当天复习,三天进行小循环,一周进行大循环,从而做到定时复习,定时检查,只有如此,词汇才会牢牢记住。
四、挖掘高频高难词汇,重点强化记忆
考研英语词汇背诵中,高频率词汇和高难度词汇都要重点记忆。掌握了高频高难词汇,考生词汇记忆中可以省去很多事。考生尤其必须掌握高频词汇的拼写、基本用法和意思;考生要通过精读历年真题来学习高频词汇,这样的词汇需要反复复习,反复巩固,才能突破,所以考生们在每天的复习中,要随时将较难记忆的单词做好标识,重点记忆。并且尽量增加使用这些词汇的机会。
五、按照难度分类记忆
几乎所有的词汇书都是按照字母顺序排列单词的。这样的排列方式忽略了一个最大的问题:记忆的相互干扰。比如,当你记忆A之后再记忆B,B就会对A形成记忆干扰,而再记忆C的时候就会对A和B同时形成干扰,这就是为什么很多同学都遇到了"背了后面忘前面"的情况。当然,这种干扰不可避免,但我们可以尽量减少干扰的程度。记忆干扰程度的大小取决于你记忆B和C的难度。难度越大,干扰越大。当你费了九牛二虎之力背下了一个难度等级很高的词汇的时候,你前面背的很多词汇也差不多忘了一半。所以,同学们在背词汇的时候要注意首先把词汇按照难度分级,先选择容易的记忆,把难背的词汇放在以后背。这样可以大大提高词汇的记忆效果。
考研英语写作的语法结构扩展阅读
考研英语写作的语法结构(扩展1)
——考研英语作文写作的语法结构 (菁选2篇)
考研英语作文写作的语法结构1
▶1. 主动句变被动句
“英文多被动,汉语多主动”,还需要警惕名词与动词之间暗含的“主被动”关系。
Eg1: It is said that …据说/相传
Eg2:I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3:Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建议
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5:Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
▶2. 简单句变从句
名词性从句,含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种;定语从句;状语从句
A. 主语从句:
Eg1:What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2:It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it为形式主语;that从句为真正主语)
B.宾语从句:
Eg1:Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3:明智的人不为别人的想法所影响。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表语从句:
Eg1:That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3:In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位语从句
Eg1:(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (该句中a dream = that 从句,)
Eg2:Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位语句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性质
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入语
Eg1:As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.
Eg2:All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3:Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4:Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽车跟很多其他事物一样,具有两面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定语从句:
步骤:1)先写出正确简单句,确定被修饰成分(中心名词)
2)在中心名词后加入定从,关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1:Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2:I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
▶3. it 句式
A. 形式主语 it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do …
Eg1:It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2:It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3:It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4:It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式宾语
Eg1:An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2:An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3:A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
▶4. 强调句
A. 强调谓语:
Eg1:I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2:Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 强调句式:It is/was +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步骤】
a. 先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句,明确单句的各个成分。
b. 在被强调成分(除谓语和补语外)两边添加it is/was 和that/who, 其他成分不变,必要时调整顺序。
【强调句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who结构,整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。
Eg1:My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2:Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(强调句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3:The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
▶5. 倒装
A. 表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首,主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1:I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +状语位于句首,主句半倒装。
Eg1:When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.
Eg2:When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3:By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒装形式
Eg1:Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2:Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3:Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
▶6.双重否定:
Eg1:no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2:A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3:Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
▶7. Ving/ved 状语
A. 两个动作同时发生且主语一致,将次要动作写成v-ing或v-ed形式做状语,即动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系时写成v-ing形式、为被动关系是写成V-ed形式。
Eg1:I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2:When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.两个动作主语一致,但前后发生,则可将先发生的动作写成Having +ved形式。
Eg1:He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
▶8. 排比结构
Eg1:Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2:We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3:作为一种重要素质,自信带给我们力量、唤起我们对生活的热爱、帮助我们战胜困难。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
考研英语作文写作的语法结构2
规律一:英语运用能力不等于英语考试能力
中国学生学英语的过程,是不断参加英语考试的过程,从中考英语、高考英语,四六级英语,到专四、专八英语,再到考研英语,甚至出国考试(托福、雅思、GRE等)。在此过程中,希望考生们要明白的是,英语运用能力不等于英语考试能力,一个人英语考试时总能考高分,可就是说不好英语,而有的人听力口语能力很好,考试成绩却很一般。
这一点都不稀奇,能力强但没有经过任何考试技能训练,有可能得不到高分。能力不强,很有可能在短期内获得考试的高分,尽考研英语参考书管他的英语沟通能力并没有明显的提高。因为,考试的内容是相对有限而有规定的,而能力的提高是长期的数学考研事情。对于考研英语来说,无论是阅读理解还是英语写作,都有考试的规律性和技术性。比如,要在阅读理解上拿高分,并不需要你完全理解文章,只要真正理解20%的内容就能解决文章80%的题目。但是要把握如何确定哪些材料属于20%的关键材料,需要一定的考试训练。
规律二:考研英语能力的提高需要考试训练
任何一个考研高分的同学都离不开对相当数量的好题目的分析和训练。考试能力的提高离不开考试技能的提高和对考试内容的训练。
考试训练不是死记硬背,也不是搞题海战术,这样很容易身心疲惫。比如有的同学在训练时做了大量的选择题目,但每次还会在同样的地方犯同样的错误,原因很简单,每次做错题后,都没有深入思考一下为什么。这样的结果是浪费了大量的时间并且没有成就感和进步感,从而可能丧失学英语的.自信。
所以,考试训练的关键考研数学大纲问题是做题后的反思和总结,做到“知其然”,又“知其所以然”,才不至于在同一个地方跌倒两次甚至多次。
规律三:考研英语最好的备考资料——历年真题
时下,社会上充斥着各种考试培训机构,而我们判断他们的好坏的唯一标准就是其是否对该考试的历年真题做分析、研究,并从中总结出科学规律让考生在一定时间内提高成绩。否则,它的可信度肯定是不高的。
试题一年一个样,但对基本知识点的考查是相对不变的。英语考试所有的重点单词尽在历年真题中;英语考试所有基础重点考点尽在历年真题中;英语考试所有的重要规律尽在历年真题中。
考研英语写作的语法结构(扩展2)
——考研英语写作需要掌握哪些语法结构 (菁选2篇)
考研英语写作需要掌握哪些语法结构1
▶1. 主动句变被动句
“英文多被动,汉语多主动”,还需要警惕名词与动词之间暗含的“主被动”关系。
Eg1: It is said that …据说/相传
Eg2:I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3:Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建议
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5:Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
▶2. 简单句变从句
名词性从句,含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种;定语从句;状语从句
A. 主语从句:
Eg1:What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2:It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it为形式主语;that从句为真正主语)
B.宾语从句:
Eg1:Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3:明智的人不为别人的想法所影响。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表语从句:
Eg1:That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3:In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位语从句
Eg1:(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (该句中a dream = that 从句,)
Eg2:Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位语句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性质
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入语
Eg1:As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.
Eg2:All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3:Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4:Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽车跟很多其他事物一样,具有两面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定语从句:
步骤:1)先写出正确简单句,确定被修饰成分(中心名词)
2)在中心名词后加入定从,关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1:Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2:I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
▶3. it 句式
A. 形式主语 it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do …
Eg1:It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2:It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3:It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4:It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式宾语
Eg1:An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2:An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3:A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
▶4. 强调句
A. 强调谓语:
Eg1:I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2:Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 强调句式:It is/was +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步骤】
a. 先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句,明确单句的各个成分。
b. 在被强调成分(除谓语和补语外)两边添加it is/was 和that/who, 其他成分不变,必要时调整顺序。
【强调句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who结构,整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。
Eg1:My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2:Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(强调句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3:The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
▶5. 倒装
A. 表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首,主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1:I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +状语位于句首,主句半倒装。
Eg1:When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.
Eg2:When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3:By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒装形式
Eg1:Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2:Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3:Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
▶6.双重否定:
Eg1:no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2:A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3:Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
▶7. Ving/ved 状语
A. 两个动作同时发生且主语一致,将次要动作写成v-ing或v-ed形式做状语,即动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系时写成v-ing形式、为被动关系是写成V-ed形式。
Eg1:I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2:When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.两个动作主语一致,但前后发生,则可将先发生的动作写成Having +ved形式。
Eg1:He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
▶8. 排比结构
Eg1:Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2:We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3:作为一种重要素质,自信带给我们力量、唤起我们对生活的热爱、帮助我们战胜困难。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
考研英语中应用文写作,通过模板句型,经典的例句完全可以得到比较理想的分数,因为“言简意赅”就是它的特点。而大作文对于语言表达上的要求要高几个level,只是模式化的文字已经不足以打动考官,需要在原有的结构上进一步创新,让考官看的跌宕起伏,还是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的关键所在。
考研英语写作需要掌握哪些语法结构2
一、背诵、默写范文
背诵不能不说是积极备战快速提高写作成绩的一条捷径。考生可以选择历年真题的范文和一些与真题作文相近的文章进行背诵。同时,基础稍好些的同学,可以背一下小作文的优秀模板,及大作文的模板框架和句式,然后依据模板进行训练。
语言要求:
用词准确:用词准确是最基本的要求之一。
语法正确:语法错误是考试的失分点所在,在小作文的写作中应尽量少用缩略语和口语。
句型多变:既有并列句,也有复合句,还有从句。
小作文的考查要求中会体现出文章的背景场合和写作目的,考生应针对不同情境选择不同表达。不同的应用文有不同的用语,建议考生对某些应用文的格式和习惯用语加以熟悉和背诵,以便运用自如。
二、活用模板,注重素材的积累,适当加入自己的内容。
我们在初练写作的时候套用模板是正常的事情,也是一个必经的过程,只有先试用别人的东西,才能学习和积累写作素材。模板要活学活用,不要一字不差的照抄无误,而是要根据自己所要表达的内容进行更改。写作不一定要字字句句都是难词,长句,而是要学会运用一些常见词的常见短语去表达,这样才能真正显示写作的水*。这就要求学生在*时的学习中注意积累常用的短语或者词组,以备写作之用。
另外,关于写作素材,不仅仅指写作常用的词汇,句型或者语法结构,还要包括所用的事例。比如:2001年的写作真题,要求写“爱心”,第二段要求用实例证明主题。有的考生见题就写“我考试面临很大的压力,我的朋友是如何帮助我排解压力的”,这显然就是素材贫乏造成的后果。题目中的“爱心”是指“大爱”,陌生人互帮互助的心态。如果写“汶川地震,希望工程”这类事例,显然非常符合题目要求,而且事例又广为人知,比写“朋友如何帮助我”更生动,更有说服力。因此,在*常的练习中要注意从阅读中积累素材,积累词句,而不要仅仅局限于模板之中。
三、使用谚语,增加闪光点
有些意志品质类的文章,如果加入一句相关的谚语会让你的文章大放光彩。但是不能直接写句子。加一个模板句型:An ancient oriental philosopher said,“谚语”:一位古老东方的先哲曾经说过,……。有同学说西方的谚语为什么用东方的先哲呢?比如:Where there is a will, there is a way.是西方的谚语,中国也有有志者,事竟成的.语句。文化都是相通的,可以放心来用。建议大家在闲暇的时候多翻看一下英文的谚语,积少成多,相信对大家一定有所帮助。
考研英语写作的语法结构(扩展3)
——英语基本句子语法结构 (菁选2篇)
英语基本句子语法结构1
补语:是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分
1. 容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号.
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困,就去睡了.
有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似.
The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings. 那人不可置疑地残酷,不听取他们的恳求.
2.可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等
They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米.(名词用作并与补语)
My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. 我的母亲面很嫩,你会以为她是我的姐姐(名词短语作宾语补语)
He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了.(形容词用作宾语补语)
I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣.(形容词短语用作宾补)
The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. 同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下.(不定式用作宾语补语)
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙.(动名作宾补 )
Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事.
英语基本句子语法结构2
定语:定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词
可用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等.
1.形容词用作定语是大量的.
She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的"音乐家.
He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了.(后置定语)
2. 名词用作定语.如
A baby girl 女婴
well water 井水
Sports car 双座轻型汽车
A fool’s paradise 梦幻的天堂
2.代词作定语.
Your hair needs cutting. 你该理发了.(物主代词用作定语)
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人负责就是无人负责. (不定代词所有格作定语)
3.数词作定语
There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法.
Do it now, you may not get a second chance. 现在就干吧,你可能再没有机会了.
基数词用作后置定语: page 24 Room 201 the year 1949
4. 副词充当定语时常后置
the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界 the way out 出路 a day off 休息日
5.不定式用作定语
Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事.
That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法.
6.动名词用作定语.
A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠yao eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法
7.分词充当定语
a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者 a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花
7.介词短语用作定语.
This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图.
The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words. 他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了.
8.从句用作定语,即定语从句
The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的车是我的.
Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one. 我在外面看见你的汽车了,它给另一辆车撞了.
考研英语写作的语法结构(扩展4)
——考研英语语法复习的指南攻略 (菁选2篇)
考研英语语法复习的指南攻略1
语法是复习考研英语的基础。对于准备考研英语的学生而言,基础阶段是全面、系统地学习语法的关键时期。因为,如果能在这一时期打下坚实的基础,接下来的学习会非常顺利,后期的阅读、写作及翻译的技巧和方法更能融会贯通。基础阶段,考生应该全面掌握考研语法要点。
无论英语语法知识是否扎实,建议2015届的广大考生们应该从头开始,将语法知识进行系统化的学习,因为大多数同学的语法知识只限于高中语法,对语法没有系统地掌握。考生要针对个人情况,多下苦功突破薄弱环节,巩固并熟练掌握常考的重要语法点,并且要具有系统意识,对考研英语语法体系做到了如指掌。
完备的考研英语语法体系应该包含如下重要的语法知识点:三大从句(名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句),三种非谓语动词(动名词、不定式和分词),四种特殊结构(省略结构、比较结构、倒装结构、分割结构)。对以上这个考研语法体系,备考考生从宏观层面要掌握各个知识点的联系和区别,从微观层面要各个突破,透彻了解,并且能熟练应用语法知识,正确输出符合英语语法的句子和文章。
另外,在学习态度和学习方法方面,语法学习贵在持之以恒。多数考生感觉语法知识比较枯燥,不愿意学习。但是,语法学习是能顺利通过研究生考试的因素之一。因此,2015届的考生要静下心来,结合做题来学习,即先看语法书,然后做相应的题目巩固语法知识。如果题目做得不理想,这会成为你学习的动力;如果题目做得不错,说明你对这部分语法知识掌握得不错。学习的同时,要对基本的语法知识进行整理,形成一个体系,也要对一些特殊的语法现象进行归纳
总之,学习语法切记不要进入学习误区。语法复习重在语法现象本身,而不是记住那些枯燥无味的术语,那么,考研英语的语法掌握到什么程度就可以了呢?复习语法的目的是读懂文章、做对题目。英语成绩好的同学,肯定语法基础也不差,并且能熟练地将语法知识应用到阅读、做题中。英语成绩不好的同学,可能是语法基础不扎实,也可能是囫囵吞枣,对语法知识一知半解,不能很好的应用到阅读和做题中。如果在阅读中面对一个长难句,能快速准确地抓住这个长难句的主干,理清各个成分之间的关系,并能正确翻译,那就说明对这部分的语法知识掌握的不错;如果达不到这个要求,就说明掌握的还不好,还需要强化复习。其实,检验语法是否过关的另外一个方法:在阅读练习中能否准确理解长难句。同学们一定要把语法学习和*时的练习结合起来,做到学以致用。
考研英语语法复习的指南攻略2
一、定义
一个名词或代词后面有时跟一个名词或起名词作用的成分,对前者进一步说明,叫做同位语。
在某些名词后可以用that,whether, when等引导的从句作同位语,称为同位语从句。这些名词有:
agreement一致意见 assumption假定 awareness意识
belief看法
conclusion结论 conviction深信
decision决定 delusion错觉 determination决心
discovery发现 doubt怀疑 dream梦想
evidence证据 explanation解释 fact事实
feeling感觉 guarantee保证 guess猜测
hope希望 idea观点 knowledge认识
likelihood可能性 message信息 mind想法
news消息 notion观念 objection反对
opinion观点 possibility可能性 prediction预测
probability可能性 problem问题 proof证据
proposal建议 proposition论点、主张 question问题
realization认识 rumor传闻 sign迹象
truth事实 theory理论 thought想法
二、结构
(一)由that引导
·Ihave no doubt that he will overcome all this difficulties。
他会克服一切困难,对此我并不感到怀疑。
【特别提示】:同位语从句引导词that不可省略。
(二)由whether引导
·The question whetherwe need more time to do the work has not been decided。
我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作,这个问题还未决定。
(三)由其他词引导的同位语从句
·I have not made up mymind what elective subjects I am to take next term。
我还没有决定好下学期上哪些选修课。
·Whenyou are about halfway through the story, try to make a guess how the plot
will develop。
当你把故事读到一半时,猜测一下情节将如何发展。
·I have no idea whenI will be back from Shanghai。
我不知道我什么时候从上海回来。
(四)同位语从句与被修饰名词的分割
有时,为了保持句式的*衡,将同谓语从句与被修饰的名词分割,其间出现其他成分。
·Concerns
were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their storiesin court to ensure guilty verdicts。
人们日益担心,证人可能会因此而受到鼓励,在法庭上夸大事实以保证陪审团对被告做出有罪的判决。(这里先行词concerns与that同位语从句被谓语wereraised隔开。)
三、翻译方法
同位语从句有以下五种翻译方法:
①可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。
②放在所修饰的名词前面,充当定语。
③译成独立句子:先翻译主句,然后用“就是……”或者“即……”引导出同位语从句,或者把同位语从句译成独立的句子,由冒号或破折号引出。
④用代词指代:先把同位语从句中的内容翻译出来,在后面用“这”或“那”等代词复指它,参加句子主体的构成。
⑤译成宾语 :把同位语从句修饰的名词转译成动词,而把同位语从句译成宾语。
【真题例句】
What is harder to establish iswhether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presidingover is for real。
【解析】
句子可拆分为:What isharder to establish is //whether the productivity revolution //that businessmenassume //they are presiding over// is for real。
主句为What isharder to establish is whether the productivity revolution is for real。主句包含两个从句成分:从句what is harder to establish作主语;whether the productivity revolution is for real作表语;that they are presiding over为定语从句修饰the productivity revolution; 此定语从句中businessmen assume为主谓结构的插入语。以what, whatever,whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句及表语从句在翻译的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
【参考译文】
难以确定的是,商界人士认为他们所主导的生产力革命是否真的"存在。
考研英语写作的语法结构(扩展5)
——考研《英语一》考试内容与试卷结构
考研《英语一》考试内容与试卷结构1
试题分三部分,共52题,包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分 英语知识运用
该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度,而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。共20小题,每小题0.5分,共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白,要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案,使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
第二部分 阅读理解
该部分由A、B、C三节组成,考查考生理解书面英语的能力。共30小题,每小题2分,共60分。
A节(20小题):主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义,进行有关的判断、推理和引申,根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1 600词)文章的内容,从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
B节(5小题):主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本部分有3种备选题型。每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
备选题型有:
1)本部分的.内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章,其中有5段空白,文章后有6~7段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2)在一篇长度为500~600词的文章中,各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序,其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。
3)在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容,从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。
C节(5小题) :主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章,并将其中5个画线部分(约150词)译成汉语,要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
第三部分 写作
该部分由A、B两节组成,主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共30分。
A节:考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。共10分。
B节:考生根据提示信息写出一篇160~200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。共20分。
考研英语写作的语法结构(扩展6)
——考研英语作文的写作思路和要点
考研英语作文的写作思路和要点1
调整备考心态
河南大学外语学院副院长杨朝军根据自己多年的英语从业经验,按心态的差别将考生分为3种类型,即从容型、急躁型和迷茫型,并针对不同类型的学生提出相应的心态调整方法。
从容型考生大多在*时的英语学习中比较顺利,因此对自己的水*充满自信,可能会把更多的时间投入到专业科目的学习中,从而忽略对英语科目的复习。杨朝军总结说:“以往有很多考生因为太过于自信而导致功亏一篑,很多同学往往在自己的优势学科上栽跟头,因此即使自己的英语水*尚可,也不能对英语复习掉以轻心。英语专业四级、八级及公共外语四级、六级的考试性质和内容与研究生英语考试有着很多方面的不同。英语专业四级、八级的考试是一种水*考试,其考察内容主要是词汇量和语言、文学、文化等方面的常识。公共英语四级、六级的考试是一种水*考试,更侧重日常交际、科技文化的交流等。研究生的英语考试是一种选拔考试,对词汇、语法以及实际应用能力等都有较高的实践要求。因此,无论考生*时的英语水*如何,都不应该盲目乐观。”
急躁型考生往往是因为求胜心切、准备不足或性格使然。这类考生因担心紧迫的考前准备时间和毕业后的就业形势,无形中增加了自己的心理压力,因此废寝忘食,利用一切时间对外语进行复习。但英语复习不能缺乏复习方法和目的,盲目复习只能事倍功半。
迷茫型考生则是千头万绪不知从何处着手。应该先复习专业还是英语?就英语复习而言,应该是先看复习提纲还是先做题,看什么样的复习提纲,做什么样的题,是不是参加个辅导班,有没有迅速通向成功的捷径?这类考生经常考虑得很多,反而影响了正常的复习进展。“无论我们做什么事情,茫然失措永远是头等大忌。”杨朝军强调。
态度决定命运。杨朝军表示,在复习考试面前应该保持良好的心态,既不能盲目乐观,也不要急于求成,更不必茫然失措。除此之外,考生应该清醒地知道,“预则立,不预则废”,要根据自己的复习内容,结合自己的实际情况,制订出切实可行的外语复习措施和计划。
找准复习方法
杨朝军坦言,研究生考试的必要英语知识储备贯穿本科学习的始终,从严格意义上讲,英语复习可以从今年4月算起,分为积累、专项、模拟和实战演练4个阶段。
事实上,英语复习的初级阶段要立足于基础能力的提高,通过广泛的阅读和词汇、语法的"系统学习,真正提高自己的语言使用能力。这个阶段以能够在语篇中正确辨识所规定词汇、能够正确理解相应水*的阅读材料和改写相应层次的语言材料为主要目标。
进入7月后,英语复习就到了专项阶段。杨朝军表示,专项练习有很强的目的性,讲究复习方法,例如可以按顺序进行完形填空、阅读理解、翻译和写作的练习,注意每种练习的特点和规律,最好能够圆满地完成一项训练之后再进入下一个项目的训练。
杨朝军根据英语考试的不同题型给出不同的复习建议。他说:“完形填空尽量摒弃传统的句子填空,将语言的运用提升到语篇的层次。如果感觉单纯的完形填空训练过于单调的话,也可以结合传统的单项选择题目一起训练。
与完形填空相比,阅读理解题则更多地关注语篇的宏观结构,即使是细节性的问题也应该在宏观结构的统领下进行解题。因此,在进行阅读理解专项训练时要注意进行做题或阅读,寻找整体感觉,力避“只见树木,不见森林”的倾向。
研究生英语考试的翻译题目以语篇为基础,因此应该像阅读理解一样把握文章的整体结构,通过对文章中关键词、关键句的理解梳理出文章的基本意思。翻译一定要注意断句,注意关键信息和关键用词的准确,注意句子之间必要的衔接手段,使其符合汉语的表达习惯。
在训练作文写作时一定要认真审题,立意积极,尽可能保证用词和语法形式的正确,宁愿使用简单的词汇和句式也不要使用没有把握的句式,在确保无误的前提下再考虑提高写作的档次和水*。如果有可能的话,适当的修辞手段会成为文章得分的亮点。
杨朝军表示,在两个月的专项训练完成以后,可以考虑进入模拟训练阶段。考生应该根据复习的整体需要有计划地做些样题或往年的试卷。在进入明年1月后,临近考试前的一两个星期仍然要定期做一些试卷,以进一步检查自己的学习情况并保持良好的应试状态,以期在考试中发挥出自己应有的水*。
“计划、步骤、理念和方法是保证结果的根本前提,因此每个人都应该有一个量身定做、操作性强的复习计划,并义无反顾地执行下去。”杨朝军强调,考生应根据自己的实际情况进行灵活调整和处理,并保持良好的心态,确保在明年的研究生英语考试中发挥出自己的最高水*。
考研英语写作的语法结构(扩展7)
——考研英语写作有哪些见语法错误
考研英语写作有哪些见语法错误1
具体如何解决长难句的`问题我们可以遵从以下的步骤。
1.首先,我们要明确长句究竟在哪里断开,找到有用的,抛弃无用的。
先来看看下面这个句子:Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
2.在阅读时要注意辨别这些复杂修饰成分,找出真正的主语和谓语。
很显然,这句话应该在冒号处断开,冒号后是对前半句的解释,所以在读在这句话时,我们不必把太多精力放在前半句上,而要着重理解后半句,这才是与文章内容相关的部分。整句话的复杂修饰成分包括介词短语in the best of circumstances,from larger,more established companies,以及不定式to broaden their customer bases,和现在分词arising from their current success.
再来看一个复杂修饰成分为从句的例子:Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.
3.原句中的定语从句、宾语从句对句意表达的作用不大,可以略过不读。
通过对复杂修饰成分的加工处理,这个句子变得十分简单:One of the principal reasons is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts.
考研阅读的复杂修饰成分往往放在一个比较复杂的句子框架中,例如下面这句话:Although the samurais had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive.
4.先明确句子大体框架再剥离复杂修饰成分。
整个句子是镶嵌在although…it is not surprising这个框架中的,但是由于中间插入成分多,容易打断考生思路,导致无法准确把握句意,同时运用了介词短语by years of peace,定语从句tasks that….以及过去分词encouraged to…
通过分析,我们可以看出长难句不是不能攻克,干扰阻碍我们解题的无非就是以上几种常见的形式,在这里提醒各位考生,辨别并适当处理其复杂修饰成分能帮助考生快速领会文章实质,轻松应对考题。
考研英语写作的语法结构(扩展8)
——考研英语拿下大作文写作的要点
考研英语拿下大作文写作的要点1
下面是一篇字数不够的例文,这是一篇申请信,讲述的.是一个学生要申请到别的学校深造。
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to ap* for further education in your college . My major is English, and I graduated from Beijing University.
First of all, I have a good academic performance in school. Moreover, I am open-minded and intelligent. In addition, I have a good command of English.
Enclosed is my resume to provide additional information. Thank you for your time and consideration.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
本文总体来说无论语言表达能力还是词汇和语法的驾驭都可谓是上乘佳作,但是大家可以看得很清楚的是,文章的字数明显不够。除开标点、称呼和落款,字数总计才仅仅63个单词,距离我们最起码规定的80词还缺17个单词。那么我们可以拿三个自然段分别来“开刀”。
一.在首段中,大家已经习惯了I am writing xxx这个形式,其实我们可以在am和writing中间添上一个now,这样文章会显得更加活泼,而且单词也多了一个。毕竟在文章中加上一些可有可无的状语绝对是我们凑字数的一把利器。
二.依然在首段,college前面是可以加上定语的,比如prestigious,那么prestigious college可以翻译为“贵校”。
三.重点的攻势应该放在第二自然段。我们可以使用举例法来使该段变得更加丰满。尤其是第一条,文章仅仅只说了在校成绩很好,那么如果加上一个例子是不是就可以更加清楚地体现出这一点并且让字数立马接近题目要求呢,紧接着后面可以加上一句:A good case in point is that I win scholarships almost every semester. 然后如法炮制,我们可以讲第二段末句的后面加上“especially speaking and translating”.
如此一来,整个文章的字数也够了,并且能够具备更佳的可读性了。